Estandarización de requerimientos mínimos para la formación de centro de detección temprana de cáncer de pulmón en América Latina / Standardization of Minimum Requirements for the Formation of an Early Detection Center for Lung Cancer in Latin America

Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón (CP) es una enfermedad con gran impacto a nivel mundial en el número de muertes y en costos en salud. La alta incidencia y mortalidad de esta enfermedad asociada al diagnóstico tardío, y la mejoría del pronóstico ante una detección temprana, determinan que sea una patología pasible de beneficiarse mediante detección temprana. La tomografía de baja dosis de radiación (TCBD) demostró ser un método que se pue- de realizar periódicamente a un grupo de personas con alto riesgo de desarrollar CP y así reducir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, este beneficio es tal cuan- do se encuentra desarrollado bajo un programa organizado y con participación multi- disciplinaria especializada en cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se plantea determinar lineamientos básicos para el desarrollo de la detección temprana de cáncer de pulmón en América Latina para que pueda ser realizada en forma uniforme, con el menor riesgo y el máximo beneficio esperado. Se analizaron las principales publicaciones referidas a este tema, contemplando la diversidad de atención y acceso de América Latina. Resultado: Se desarrollan requerimientos mínimos para la implementación de un pro- grama. Discusión: El número de programas en la región es escaso y depende más de esfuerzos individuales que de políticas generales de salud. Consideramos que estos lineamien- tos pueden servir de apoyo para el desarrollo de más programas en la región y de for- ma más homogénea.

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is a disease with a great impact worldwide in the number of deaths and health costs. The high incidence and mortality of this disease associated with late diagnosis and the improved prognosis with early detection determine that it is a pathology that can benefit from early detection. Low radiation dose tomography (LDCT) demonstrated a method that can be performed periodically to a group of people at high risk of developing CP and thus reduce mortality from this disease. However, this benefit is such when it is developed under an organized program with multidisciplinary participation specialized in lung cancer. Methods: It is proposed to determine basic guidelines for the development of early de- tection of lung cancer in Latin America so that it can be carried out uniformly, with the lowest risk and the maximum expected benefit. The main publications referring to this topic were analyzed, considering the diversity of care and access in Latin America. Result: Minimum requirements are developed for the implementation of a program. Discussion: The number of programs in the region is small and depends more on individual efforts than on general health policies. We consider that these guidelines can serve as support for the development of more programs in the region and in a more ho- mogeneous way.

Latin American Forensic Odontology: A Scoping Review of its Current Research and the Objective/Subjective Nature of its Studies

SUMMARY: The new paradigm in Forensic Sciences initiated by the entry of genetics (the current standard of legal evidence) and accentuated by recognized wrongful convictions derived from experts today in the eye of criticism, has highlighted the potential for bias and error in forensic disciplines when they depend on human interpretation and subjectivity, which has not been avoided by Forensic Odontology (FO). However, a subjective judgment is not necessarily wrong, so the refinement of processes, the development of standards, and robust research can contribute to the validity of interpretation to increase objectivity. Latin America (LATAM) has its own realities and needs, which have conditioned the priorities and objectives of FO research. A scoping review is presented to systematically map the investigation of LATAM researchers and identify the objective or subjective nature of their assessments. LATAM shows interesting productivity and intentions to adhere to international standards, with Brazil leading this research significantly, followed by Chile and Colombia, among others. However, there is a disproportionate approach in certain lines of research (dental age estimation), and needs to address other quantitative studies, and to improve the visibility of the LATAM FO research.

El nuevo paradigma en ciencias forenses iniciado por la entrada de la genética (el actual estándar de la evidencia jurídica), y acentuado por reconocidas condenas injustas derivadas de pericias hoy en el ojo de la crítica, ha destacado el potencial de sesgo y error que poseen algunas disciplinas forenses cuando dependen de la interpretación humana y la subjetividad, lo cual no ha sido ajeno a la odontología forense (OF). Sin embargo, un juicio subjetivo no necesariamente es erróneo, con lo que el refinamiento de procesos, el desarrollo de estándares y la investigación robusta pueden contribuir a validar esa interpretación para aumentar su objetividad. Latinoamérica (LATAM) posee realidades y necesidades propias que han condicionado las prioridades y objetivos de la investigación en OF. Se presenta una revisión con búsqueda sistemática para mapear sistemáticamente la investigación en OF realizada por investigadores latinoamericanos, así como identificar la naturaleza objetiva o subjetiva de sus evaluaciones. LATAM demuestra una productividad interesante e intenciones de adherirse a estándares internacionales, con Brasil liderando significativamente esta investigación, seguido por Chile y Colombia entre otros. Sin embargo, se observa un enfoque desproporcionado en ciertas líneas de investigación (estimación de edad dental particularmente), y necesidad tanto de abordar otros estudios cuantitativos como de mejorar la visibilidad de la investigación latinoamericana en OF.

Comparación de protocolos de vacunación contra el virus del papiloma humano en Ecuador y América Latina / Comparation of vaccination protocols against the human papillomavirus in Ecuador and Latin America

INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH), con más de 100 tipos, es de transmisión sexual. Varios países de América Latina han introducido las vacunas contra el VPH. Aunque América Latina es la región que más rápido avanzó en la vacunación contra el VPH, sus sistemas de seguimiento y vigilancia son aún deficientes. OBJETIVO: Comparar las diferentes estrategias de vacunación contra el VPH en Ecuador y América Latina. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica, en la que se obtuvo información de documentos gubernamentales y artículos indexados en los últimos 5 años sobre las estrategias de vacunación contra el VPH en Ecuador y América Latina. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los países de América Latina han logrado introducir la vacuna contra el VPH, excepto Venezuela, Martinica, Haití, Nicaragua y Cuba. CONCLUSIONES: Los protocolos de vacunación de Ecuador y América Latina necesitan mejorar sus sistemas de seguimiento y aumentar la expansión de datos de cobertura disponibles de manera consistente. Actualmente siguen existiendo desafíos para introducir las vacunas, lograr una alta cobertura y fortalecer el seguimiento, la evaluación y la notificación.

INTRODUCTION: The human papilloma virus (HPV), with more than 100 types, is a sexual transmission infection. Many Latin American countries have introduced the vaccines against the HPV. Although Latin América is the region which advanced faster against the HPV, its surveillance and follow-up systems are yet deficient. OBJECTIVE: To compare the different strategies to assume the vaccination against the HPV in Ecuador and Latin America. METHOD: Bibliographic review, in which information was obtained from government documents and articles indexed in the last five years on vaccination strategies against HPV in Ecuador and Latin America. RESULTS: Most Latin American countries have managed to introduce the vaccine against the HPV, except Venezuela, Martinica, Haiti, Nicaragua and Cuba. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination protocols of Ecuador and Latin América need to improve their systems of follow-up and monitoring, and increase the expansion of available data in a consistent manner. Now, there are still existing challenges to introduce the vaccines, manage a high reach and fortify the follow-up, the evaluation, and the notification.

Serotipos prevalentes de Streptococcus mutans en América Latina / Prevalent serotypes of Streptococcus mutans in Latin America

La microbiota oral está conformada por diversas especies bacterianas que en condiciones normales desempeñan una función protectora del huésped; sin embargo, cuando existe un desequilibrio en el ecosistema, estos microorganismos son capaces de producir diversas manifestaciones como lo es el caso de la caries dental, enfermedad infecciosa producida principalmente por Streptococcus mutans, patógeno capaz de desmineralizar los tejidos duros del diente mediante la fermentación de hidratos de carbono obtenidos de la dieta. Se ha identificado en la pared celular de este microorganismo ocho serotipos que intervienen en la adhesión, agregación y coagregación bacteriana. En los seres humanos S. mutans presenta los serotipos c, e y f, siendo el serotipo c el más prevalente a nivel mundial, el cual se conoce que está asociado a pacientes sanos, a diferencia del e y f que son capaces de invadir las células endoteliales de las arterias coronarias. No obstante, en los últimos años se ha logrado identificar el serotipo k que de igual manera presenta alta capacidad de invadir el endotelio humano, actuando en la patogénesis de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica es lograr cuantificar los serotipos prevalentes de S. mutans en América Latina (AU)

The oral microbiota is made up of various bacterial species that under normal conditions perform a protective function of the host, however, when there is an imbalance in the ecosystem, these microorganisms are capable of producing various manifestations such as caries, an infectious disease. produced mainly by Streptococcus mutans, a pathogen capable of demineralizing the hard tissues of the tooth through the fermentation of carbohydrates obtained from the diet. Eight serotypes involved in bacterial adhesion, aggregation and coaggregation have been identified in the cell wall of this microorganism. In humans, S. mutans presents serotypes c, e, and f, serotype c being the most prevalent worldwide, which is known to be associated with healthy patients, unlike e and f, which are capable of invading the endothelial cells of the coronary arteries. However, in recent years it has been possible to identify serotype k, which also has a high capacity to invade the human endothelium, acting in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this literature review is to quantify the prevalent serotypes of S. mutans in Latin America (AU)

Gobernanza para la supervisión ética de la investigación sobre COVID-19 en América Latina: un estudio exploratorio / Governance for ethical oversight of COVID-19 research in Latin America: an exploratory study

Presentación de "Estudio Exploratorio de los Marcos de Gobernanza para la Revisión y Supervisión Ética de la Investigación de COVID-19 en América Latina", trabajo descriptivo para identificar si los países de América Latina adoptaron políticas para acelerar la evaluación ética de las investigaciones, a la vez de que aseguraban los estándares éticos para su realización, durante la pandemia.

Historia de la enseñanza universitaria / History of university education

El vocablo "universidad" viene del latín universitas, término que hace referencia a "totalidad" o "reunido en un todo". Históricamente fue conformado por el grupo de "los que enseñan" y el de "los que aprenden". Una de las primeras universidades fue la Universidad de Bologna donde si bien predominaban los estudios jurídicos, también se dictaban filosofía, teología, farmacia, astronomía, matemáticas y medicina. Su contrapartida fue la Universidad de París, donde se enseñaba fundamentalmente teología. En esta última institución los pontífices se reservaron la vigilancia de su actuación y enseñanza. La universidad moderna surge del modelo de Guillermo Humboldt, en el que se restablece la coexistencia de la ciencia y la investigación, que constituyen el germen de nuestra relación docencia - investigación. En las universidades de América Latina se destaca la reforma universitaria de Córdoba, uno de cuyos puntos centrales fue la autonomía universitaria, definida como la facultad de los estudiantes de dirigir la Universidad sin la intromisión de los poderes del estado, en el ámbito propio de la deliberación y la decisión libre de los alumnos y maestros, despojados de toda autoridad diferente a su capacidad docente. (AU)

The word "university" comes from the Latin universitas, a term that refers to "totality" or "united as a whole". Historically it was formed by the group of "those who teach" and "those who learn". One of the first universities was the University of Bologna where, although legal studies predominated, philosophy, theology, pharmacy, astronomy, mathematics and medicine were also taught. Its counterpart was the University of Paris, where theology was the main subject. In the latter institution, the pontiffs reserved for themselves the supervision of their actions and teaching. The modern university arises from the model of William Humboldt, in which the conjunction of science and research is reestablished, which constitute the germ of our teaching-research relationship. In Latin American universities, the university reform of Córdoba stands out, one of the central points of which was university autonomy defined as the faculty of students to direct the University, without the interference of the powers of the state, in the proper scope of deliberation and free decision of students and teachers, stripped of any other authority different from their teaching capacity. (AU)

Pruebas de Estado de Educación Superior y Educación Médica en Colombia / State Tests for Higher Education and Medical Education in Colombia

Introducción: En Colombia, las pruebas de Estado para la evaluación de la calidad de los programas de educación superior (Saber Pro) tienen por objeto evaluar los conocimientos y capacidades profesionales de todos los estudiantes que han cumplido la mayoría de los créditos en sus programas académicos. Adicionalmente, estas pruebas son un requisito complementario al internado rotatorio para graduarse como profesional en medicina. Sin embargo, existen cuestionamientos relacionados con su utilidad en el ejercicio laboral y la articulación de estas pruebas con la formación médica. Objetivo: Establecer la coherencia entre la prueba Saber Pro y la educación médica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa, mediante la búsqueda en PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, SciELO y la normativa del contexto colombiano. Resultados: De acuerdo con la búsqueda realizada, existe un número considerable de artículos que soportan la aplicación de esta prueba, fundamentados en resultados cualitativos que se relacionan con la adaptación de instrumentos de evaluación médica. Asimismo, algunas fuentes muestran la influencia que pueden tener las competencias evaluadas con indicadores de salud y otros aspectos del contexto nacional. Conclusiones: Pese al número limitado de estudios que permitan dar conclusiones de carácter cuantitativo, existe evidencia sobre la utilidad y coherencia de la Prueba de Estado en el contexto nacional, de igual forma, se establece que la prueba Saber Pro puede garantizar estándares de calidad en los programas de educación superior y, con el paso del tiempo, ha contribuido al desarrollo de recomendaciones para la transformación de la educación médica en Colombia(AU)

Introduction: In Colombia, the state tests for evaluating the quality of higher education programs (Saber Pro) are intended to evaluate the professional knowledge and skills of all students who have completed the majority of credits in their academic programs. Additionally, these tests are a complementary requirement before the rotation internship for graduating as a medical professional. However, there are questions related to their usefulness in the occupational practice and the articulation of these tests with the medical training. Objective: To establish the coherence between the Saber Pro tests and medical education. Methods: A narrative review was carried out by means of a search in PubMed, Ovid, Elsevier, SciELO and the regulations of the Colombian context. Results: According to the search carried out, there is a considerable number of articles that support the application of this test, based on qualitative results related to the adaptation of medical evaluation instruments. Likewise, some sources show the influence that the assessed competences may have, by means of health indicators and other aspects of the national context. Conclusions: Despite the limited number of studies that allow provide quantitative conclusions, there is evidence on the usefulness and coherence of the state test in the national context; likewise, the Saber Pro test is concluded to be able to guarantee quality standards in higher education programs and, with the passage of time, has contributed to the development of recommendations for the transformation of medical education in Colombia(AU)

Ataxia de Friedreich, revisión y actualización de la literatura con búsqueda sistemática de casos en Latinoamérica / Friedreich's ataxia, review and literature update with a systematic search for cases in Latin America

La Ataxia de Friedreich (AF) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa autosómica recesiva con compromiso multisistémico. En esta revisión, se actualizan aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos y clínico-terapéuticos y se conduce una búsqueda sistemática de casos de AF reportados en Latinoamérica. La prevalencia de AF en poblaciones caucásicas es estimada entre 2 y 5 casos por 100 000 habitantes. En Latinoamérica se han publicado 35 estudios que reúnen 1481 casos en 6 países. Causada por la expansión anormal de repeticiones GAA en el gen FXN, la etiopatogenia está asociada a una reducción en los niveles de la proteína frataxina (que altera el metabolismo energético) y el acúmulo de hierro mitocondrial. El fenotipo clásico de AF suele comenzar antes de los 25 años, aunque hay otros de inicio tardío y retención de reflejos. La sintomatología se caracteriza por ataxia progresiva, alteración sensitiva, arreflexia, disartria, y alteraciones oculomotoras, además de compromiso cardiaco, endocrino y musculoesquelético. El diagnóstico requiere evaluación neurológica detallada, estudios neurofisiológicos, neuroimágenes y pruebas bioquímicas pero el enfoque determinante es el estudio genético que demuestre variantes genéticas bialélicas en el gen FXN. El manejo es multidisciplinario, orientado a aminorar los síntomas, prevenir complicaciones y brindar asesoramiento genético apropiado. Recientemente se ha aprobado el primer tratamiento farmacológico para AF con varios más en fases de experimentación.

SUMMARY Friedreich Ataxia (FA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with multisystemic involvement. This update of epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinico-therapeutic aspects of FA, includes a systematic review of cases in Latin America. The estimated FA prevalence in Caucasian populations is between 2 to 5 cases per 100 000. In Latin America, 1481 cases have been published in 35 articles from six different countries. Caused by an abnormally repeated expansion of GAA trinucleotide inside the FXN gene, FA's etiopathogenesis is associated with reduced levels of the frataxin protein, which disturb the energy metabolism and result in mitochondrial iron accumulation. The classic phenotype usually shows symptoms before the age of 25, although there are others with a later onset. The main symptoms of AF are progressive ataxia, sensory disturbances, areflexia, dysarthria, and oculomotor alterations, in addition to cardiac, endocrine, and musculoskeletal compromise. Diagnostic workup requires a detailed neurological examination, neuroconduction studies, neuroimaging, and biochemical tests. The definitive diagnosis is provided by genetic testing showing biallelic variants within the FXN gene. The management is multidisciplinary, aimed at reducing symptoms, preventing complications, and providing an appropriate genetic counseling. Recently, the first pharmacological treatment for AF has been approved, with several others in clinical assessment trials.

Experiências de luto parental após um natimorto: uma síntese temática no contexto da América Latina / Parental grieving experiences after stillbirth: a thematic synthesis in the context of Latin America

OBJETIVO: Sintetizar estudos qualitativos sobre as experiências de luto após um natimorto em pais que vivem na América Latina. MÉTODO: Revisão sistemática qualitativa realizada em quatro bases de dados eletrônica e que utilizou o Guideline Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ). A qualidade metodológica dos estudos incluídos foi avaliada usando o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e uma síntese temática foi realizada. RESULTADOS: Um total de 110 estudos foram encontrados e quatro estudos eleitos com base nos critérios de elegibilidade. Quatro temas apresentam a experiência de luto parental: impacto, sofrimento e transformação após a morte fetal; preocupação com o corpo do bebê falecido; insatisfação com a qualidade da assistência em saúde; e família e religião como principais fontes de apoio. CONCLUSÃO: A natimortalidade na América Latina precisa ser explorada em pesquisas futuras e ainda é marcada pela desassistência no processo de luto.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize qualitative studies on Latin American parents' grieving experiences after a stillbirth. METHOD: A systematic qualitative review was conducted in four electronic databases using the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guideline. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and a thematic synthesis was performed. RESULTS: One hundred ten studies were found, and four were chosen based on the eligibility criteria. Four themes were identified concerning the experience of parental grieving: impact, suffering, and transformation after fetal death; preoccupation with the deceased baby's body; dissatisfaction with the quality of health care; and family and religion as the primary sources of support. CONCLUSION: Stillbirth in Latin America must be explored in future research, and a lack of assistance still marks the grieving process.

The impact of maternal morbidity on cesarean section rates: exploring a Latin American network of sentinel facilities using the Robson's Ten Group Classification System

Background: Latin America has the highest Cesarean Section Rates (CSR) in the world. Robson's Ten Group Classification System (RTGCS) was developed to enable understanding the CSR in different groups of women, classified according to obstetric characteristics into one of ten groups. The size of each CS group may provide helpful data on quality of care in a determined region or setting. Data can potentially be used to compare the impact of conditions such as maternal morbidity on CSR. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of Severe Maternal Morbidity (SMM) on CSR in ten different groups of RTGCS. Methods: Secondary analysis of childbirth information from 2018 to 2021, including 8 health facilities from 5 Latin American and Caribbean countries (Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic), using a surveillance database (SIP-Perinatal Information System, in Spanish) implemented in different settings across Latin America. Women were classified into one of RTGCS. The frequency of each group and its respective CSR were described. Furthermore, the sample was divided into two groups, according to maternal outcomes: women without SMM and those who experienced SMM, considering Potentially Life-threatening Conditions, Maternal Near Miss and Maternal Death as the continuum of morbidity. Results: Available data were obtained from 92,688 deliveries using the Robson Classification. Overall CSR was around 38%. Group 5 was responsible for almost one-third of cesarean sections. SMM occurred in 6.7% of cases. Among these cases, the overall CSR was almost 70% in this group. Group 10 had a major role (preterm deliveries). Group 5 (previous Cesarean section) had a very high CSR within the group, regardless of the occurrence of maternal morbidity (over 80%). Conclusion: Cesarean section rate was higher in women experiencing SMM than in those without SMM in Latin America. SMM was associated with higher Cesarean section rates, especially in groups 1 and 3. Nevertheless, group 5 was the major contributor to the overall CSR. (AU)

Brasil: deixando de ser país de viado? Análise do discurso da ideologia de gênero no cis-héterobolsonarismo / ¿Brasil: dejando de ser país de maricas? Análisis del discurso de la ideología de género en el cis-hétero-bolsonarismo / Brazil: no longer a country of fags? Analysis of the discourse of gender ideology in cis-hetero-bolsonarism

Resumo Neste artigo tenho como objetivo refletir sobre as singularidades sexuais e de gênero presentes no bolsonarismo. Para isso, analiso o funcionamento discursivo das políticas sexo-gendradas que irrompem, hegemonicamente, do discurso da extrema direita, representado pelo que se convencionou chamar, nessa formação discursiva, de "ideologia de gênero". Utilizo o termo "cis-hétero-bolsonarismo" para descrever essas configurações político-ideológicas que se apresentam desde os movimentos reacionários latino-americanos das últimas décadas. Ao delimitar o fenômeno do cis-hétero-bolsonarismo, busco interpretar o funcionamento dessa discursividade, compreendendo sua rede dispositiva de sentidos pela descrição de seus domínios de memória, a saber: integralismo, militarismo e fascismo. Para abordar tais questões, tenho os estudos da Linguagem, a teoria queer e os estudos da biopolítica como referências teóricas.

Resumen En este artículo mi objetivo es reflexionar sobre las singularidades sexuales y de género presentes en el bolsonarismo. Para eso, analizo el funcionamiento discursivo de las políticas sexo-género que emergen, hegemónicamente, del discurso de la ultraderecha, representado por lo que se ha convenido en llamar, en esta formación discursiva, "ideología de género". Utilizo el término "cis-hétero-bolsonarismo" para describir estas configuraciones político-ideológicas que se presentan desde los movimientos reaccionarios latinoamericanos de las últimas décadas. Al delimitar el fenómeno del cis-hétero-bolsonarismo, busco interpretar el funcionamiento de esta discursividad, comprendiendo su red dispositiva de sentidos mediante la descripción de sus dominios de memoria, a saber: integralismo, militarismo y fascismo. Para abordar estas cuestiones, tengo los estudios del Lenguaje, la teoría queer y los estudios de la biopolítica como referencias teóricas.

Abstract In this article my aim is to reflect on the sexual and gender singularities present in Bolsonarism. To do so, I analyze the discursive functioning of sex-gender policies that emerge, hegemonically, from the discourse of the far-right, represented by what has become known, in this discursive formation, as "gender ideology". I use the term "cis-hetero-bolsonarism" to describe these political-ideological configurations that have emerged from Latin American reactionary movements in recent decades. By delimiting the phenomenon of cishetero-bolsonarism, I seek to interpret the functioning of this discourse, understanding its dispositif network of meanings through the description of its domains of memory, namely: integralism, militarism, and fascism. To address these issues, I have language studies, queer theory, and biopolitical studies as theoretical references.

Apresentação: Por que perspectivas latino-americanas sobre feminismo, gênero e sexualidade em tecnologias digitais / Presentación: Por qué perspectivas latinoamericanas sobre feminismo, género y sexualidad en las tecnologías digitales / Presentation: Why Latin American perspectives on feminism, gender and sexuality in digital technologies

Resumo Fruto de uma parceria entre o Centro Latino-Americano em Sexualidade e Direitos Humanos (CLAM/IMS/UERJ) e a Rede Feminista de Pesquisas da Internet da Associação para o Progresso das Comunicações (FIRN/APC), este dossiê reúne trabalhos das Ciências Sociais e Humanas produzidos tanto no âmbito acadêmico quanto em instituições da sociedade civil no Brasil, Chile e México, no encontro entre as tecnologias digitais e questões de saúde das mulheres; violência contra as mulheres; viés racista na inteligência artificial; ativismo de mulheres negras e migrantes; religiosidade e auto expressão das mulheres; auto empreendedorismo masculino; e redes de homens da extrema direita. Nosso objetivo não é tanto abordar um objeto singular ou preencher uma ausência, mas, ao contrário, conectar interesses temáticos a partir de diversas abordagens teóricas, metodológicas e disciplinares em um diálogo aberto sobre as maneiras pelas quais realizamos pesquisas no, do, para e sobre o digital no que se refere a gênero, sexualidade e feminismos na América Latina.

Resumen Fruto de una colaboración entre el Centro Latinoamericano en Sexualidad y Derechos Humanos (CLAM/IMS/UERJ) y la Red Feminista de Investigación de Internet de la Asociación para el Progreso de las Comunicaciones (FIRN/APC), este dossier reúne estudios en Ciencias Sociales y Humanas realizados por investigadores e investigadoras tanto académicas como de la sociedad civil de Brasil, Chile y México. Sus contribuciones originales abordan el encuentro de las tecnologías digitales con cuestiones de salud de la mujer; violencia contra las mujeres; racismo e inteligencia artificial; activismo de mujeres negras y migrantes; religión y autoexpresión femenina; y el rol de las masculinidades con relación al fenómeno contemporáneo del empredorismo de sí y a las redes militantes de ultraderecha. Nuestro objetivo no es tanto abordar un objeto singular o cubrir una ausencia sino, más bien, conectar intereses temáticos desde diversos enfoques teóricos, metodológicos y disciplinarios en un diálogo abierto sobre las formas en que hemos investigado en, de, para y sobre lo digital en relación con el género, la sexualidad y los feminismos en América Latina.

Abstract Fruit of a partnership between the Latin American Center on Sexuality and Human Rights (CLAM/IMS/UERJ) and the Association of Progressive Communication's Feminist Internet Research Network (FIRN/APC), this dossier gathers works in the Social Sciences and the Humanities produced by academic and civil society researchers from Brazil, Chile and Mexico. In their original or newly translated contributions, digital technologies meet issues of women's health; violence against women; racist bias in artificial intelligence; Black and migrant women's activism; women's religiosity and self expression; male self-entrepreneurship; and ultra right-wing men's networks. Our aim is not so much to address a singular object or to cover an absence but, rather, to connect thematic interests from diverse theoretical, methodological and disciplinary approaches in an open a dialog about the ways in which we have carried out research in, of, for and about the digital as it relates to gender, sexuality and feminisms in Latin America.

Questão ambiental na América Latina: por um marxismo insurgente em Enrique Dussel / Environmental in Latin America: for an insurgent marxism in Enrique Dussel

O objetivo central desse trabalho é abordar as relações entre a questão ambiental e a estrutura do sistema-mundo moderno-colonial em sua dinâmica de enfrentamento político sob a ótica do que denominamos de "leitura insurgente" à luz do pensador argentino Enrique Dussel. Para esse fim, o nosso trabalho está organizado em três momentos, onde expomos os desdobramentos históricos, sociais e políticos do sistema-mundo moderno-colonial para a questão ambiental à luz do pensador de Mendoza. No segundo momento, elencamos as relações entre a questão ambiental e as insurgências na AL, indicando que a degradação da natureza é o ponto central para as reflexões insurgentes. No terceiro, como guisa de conclusão, tensionamos as contribuições do filósofo mendocino nos vínculos existentes entre o "encobrimento do outro", insurgência e a lógica de injustiça ambiental

The central objective of this work is to approach the relations between the environmental question and the structure of the modern-colonial world-sys-tem in its dynamics of political confrontation from the perspective of what we call an "insurgent reading" in the light of the Argentine thinker Enrique Dussel. To this end, our work is organized in three moments, where we expose the historical, social, and political unfoldings of the modern-colonial world-system for the environmental issue in the light of the thinker from Mendoza. In the second moment, we list the relations between the environmental question and the insurgencies in LA, indicating that the degradation of nature is the central point for insurgent reflections. In the third, as a conclusion, we stress the contributions of the philosopher from Mendoza on the existing links between the "concealment of the other", insurgency and the logic of environmental injustice

Desigualdades socioeconômicas na América Latina e Caribe: o futuro pós-pandemia para a formação profissional na saúde / Socioeconomic inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: the post-pandemic future for the training of health professionals

Resumo A desigualdade é um problema global e estrutural que aflige com maior intensidade as populações dos países mais empobrecidos. A pandemia da covid-19 agravou esse problema histórico na América Latina e Caribe e aprofundou as incertezas relacionadas às necessidades humanas básicas. O estudo apresenta um painel sobre o tema produzido pelos relatórios oficiais de agências internacionais (Opas, OMS, Cepal) entre 2019 e 2022, e discute alguns caminhos para a formação profissional em saúde no Brasil, bem como as mudanças nas práticas em saúde que podem impulsionar a proteção social das populações vulneráveis, com base nas propostas de Paulo Freire e Edgar Morin, que colocam em evidência as problemáticas sociossanitárias atuais.

Abstract Inequality is a global, structural problem that is particularly marked in the world's poorest countries. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this historic problem in Latin America and the Caribbean and deepened uncertainties in relation to basic human needs. This study presents an overview of the subject on the basis of official reports from international agencies (PAHO, WHO, ECLAC) between 2019 and 2022 and discusses some paths for the training of health professionals in Brazil. It also investigates how health practices could be changed to ensure greater social protection for vulnerable populations, based on the proposals of Paulo Freire and Edgar Morin, which highlight current social and health problems.